This is not the first time that ivermectin has exhibited antiviral potential against human and animal viruses. The first report on the in vivo effectiveness of ivermectin against viruses demonstrated its effect against parvoviruses in a freshwater crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) model [6]. This broad-spectrum endo/ecto-parasiticide has exhibited potent antiviral effects against several ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses, such as Zika virus [7], influenza A virus [8], Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus [9], West Nile virus [10], porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus [11], Newcastle disease virus [12], chikungunya virus [13], human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) [14], yellow fever virus, dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus [15]. However, the in vivo antiviral potential of ivermectin has only been reported against the West Nile virus [10] and Newcastle disease virus [12]. It has been demonstrated that ivermectin showed strong antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus at a concentration of 100 μg/ml, and exerted cytotoxicity in primary chick fibroblast cells [12]. Ivermectin has also exhibited antiviral activity against deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses, such as the pseudorabies virus [16], porcine circovirus 2 [17], parvoviruses [6], and bovine herpesvirus 1 [18]. However, the in vivo antiviral potential of ivermectin has only been reported against the pseudorabies virus [16] and parvoviruses [6].
Ivermectin worked against the Zika virus in vitro but not in vivo:
As a matter of concern, we should also consider our previous experience with the in vivo antiviral potential of ivermectin against the Zika virus. Even though its antiviral activity was proven in vitro [7], ivermectin was ineffective at preventing lethal Zika virus (Senegal strain) infection in Ifnar1-knockout mice
[Nice graphic of how ivermectin inhibits importin alpha/beta1.(https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs12941-020-00368-w/MediaObjects/12941_2020_368_Fig2_HTML.png?as=webp)
As ivermectin is an United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug
Not approved for humans, I'm pretty sure. It is recommended by the CDC, though, ingestion for scabies.
A lot of difficult stuff about ivermectin's mechanism
AHence, we can conclude the following:
* Ivermectin exerts broad-spectrum antiviral activity against several animal and human viruses, including both RNA and DNA viruses.
* The antiviral potential of ivermectin against various viruses is mediated via the targeting of the following: importin α/β-mediated nuclear transport of HIV-1 integrase and NS5 polymerase; NS3 helicase; nuclear import of UL42; and nuclear localization signal-mediated nuclear import of Cap.
* As SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus, the antiviral activity of ivermectin may be mediated through the inhibition of importin α/β-mediated nuclear transport of viral proteins.
* The clinical efficacy and utility of ivermectin in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients are unpredictable at this stage, as we are dealing with a completely novel virus.
[-] TrumpLyftAlles | 1 points | May 31 2020 04:57:51
How ivermectin fares as an antiviral:
This is not the first time that ivermectin has exhibited antiviral potential against human and animal viruses. The first report on the in vivo effectiveness of ivermectin against viruses demonstrated its effect against parvoviruses in a freshwater crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) model [6]. This broad-spectrum endo/ecto-parasiticide has exhibited potent antiviral effects against several ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses, such as Zika virus [7], influenza A virus [8], Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus [9], West Nile virus [10], porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus [11], Newcastle disease virus [12], chikungunya virus [13], human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) [14], yellow fever virus, dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus [15]. However, the in vivo antiviral potential of ivermectin has only been reported against the West Nile virus [10] and Newcastle disease virus [12]. It has been demonstrated that ivermectin showed strong antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus at a concentration of 100 μg/ml, and exerted cytotoxicity in primary chick fibroblast cells [12]. Ivermectin has also exhibited antiviral activity against deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses, such as the pseudorabies virus [16], porcine circovirus 2 [17], parvoviruses [6], and bovine herpesvirus 1 [18]. However, the in vivo antiviral potential of ivermectin has only been reported against the pseudorabies virus [16] and parvoviruses [6].
Ivermectin worked against the Zika virus in vitro but not in vivo:
As a matter of concern, we should also consider our previous experience with the in vivo antiviral potential of ivermectin against the Zika virus. Even though its antiviral activity was proven in vitro [7], ivermectin was ineffective at preventing lethal Zika virus (Senegal strain) infection in Ifnar1-knockout mice
[Nice graphic of how ivermectin inhibits importin alpha/beta1.(https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs12941-020-00368-w/MediaObjects/12941_2020_368_Fig2_HTML.png?as=webp)
As ivermectin is an United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug
Not approved for humans, I'm pretty sure. It is recommended by the CDC, though, ingestion for scabies.
A lot of difficult stuff about ivermectin's mechanism
AHence, we can conclude the following:
* Ivermectin exerts broad-spectrum antiviral activity against several animal and human viruses, including both RNA and DNA viruses.
* The antiviral potential of ivermectin against various viruses is mediated via the targeting of the following: importin α/β-mediated nuclear transport of HIV-1 integrase and NS5 polymerase; NS3 helicase; nuclear import of UL42; and nuclear localization signal-mediated nuclear import of Cap.
* As SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus, the antiviral activity of ivermectin may be mediated through the inhibition of importin α/β-mediated nuclear transport of viral proteins.
* The clinical efficacy and utility of ivermectin in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients are unpredictable at this stage, as we are dealing with a completely novel virus.
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